The selection of a water pump station type is crucial, as it not only affects the total construction investment but also directly influences the safe operation after commissioning and ease of management. This paper discusses the general types of two-pump stations, analyzing their main influencing factors to provide a clear reference for engineers and decision-makers, helping them avoid common mistakes in pump station design.
Pump rooms can be categorized into ground-level, underground, and semi-underground types based on the location of the pump unit. Ground-level pump rooms are typically easier to construct, cost-effective, and offer better working conditions. However, they may require pre-pumping water before operation. On the other hand, underground pump stations allow for more convenient pump startup but involve higher construction costs, complex structural requirements, and potential issues with flooding and poor ventilation. They also require more maintenance due to the need to climb stairs for access.
In recent years, some construction units have made decisions based solely on popular trends or what they saw during site visits, without considering the actual conditions. This has led to operational challenges and hidden risks later on.
The choice of pump room type depends on several key factors:
1. **Unit Layout**
The arrangement of the pumping units determines the size and configuration of the pump room. It must ensure safe operation, easy maintenance, and efficient management.
2. **Water Source Level and Fluctuation**
The water level directly affects the installation height of the pump. When the water level is low, the pump may need to be placed underground to meet suction requirements. Conversely, when the water level is high, the pump can be installed at a higher elevation. Large fluctuations in water levels require additional measures to ensure safety, such as using removable or underground pump rooms.
3. **Pump Performance**
The pump's allowable suction vacuum height plays a critical role in determining the pump room type. Higher suction capacity allows for a higher installation position, potentially enabling a ground-level pump room. For example, horizontal centrifugal pumps commonly used in water treatment plants usually have an allowable suction vacuum of about 5 meters.
4. **Suction Pipe Design**
The length and layout of the suction pipe should be optimized to reduce resistance and prevent air intake. Longer pipes may require deeper pump rooms, which increases construction complexity and cost.
5. **Civil Construction Requirements**
The structure of the pump station must meet impermeability, anti-floating, fire protection, and drainage standards. These factors influence the choice of pump room type and must be carefully considered.
6. **Groundwater Level**
High groundwater levels can lead to seepage and structural damage. In such cases, the pump station must be elevated or reinforced to prevent water ingress and floating risks.
7. **Pump Priming Method**
Different priming methods—such as self-priming, vacuum pumping, or pressure filling—require different pump room configurations. For instance, self-priming pumps need the water level to be above the pump shaft, often requiring underground setups, while pressure-filling systems offer more flexibility.
An example is Chaohu Water Supply Co., Ltd., where a semi-underground pump room was chosen. Two 1-meter diameter pipelines feed raw water into the collection well, with a gate valve installed for safety. A butterfly valve is placed before the well to ensure smooth water diversion. Since its commissioning in 1994, this system has operated efficiently.
In conclusion, the selection of a pump room type involves multiple factors, including water source level, pump performance, and operational needs. While ground-level pump rooms are suitable for stable water levels, underground or semi-underground options are necessary when the water level is low or fluctuates significantly. After identifying potential options, other factors like water diversion methods, foundation conditions, and economic considerations should be evaluated to determine the most suitable solution. Ultimately, a comprehensive and realistic analysis is essential to ensure the best outcome. Blindly following trends or past practices can lead to inefficiencies and long-term problems.
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