The selection of a water pump station type is crucial, as it not only affects the overall construction cost but also directly influences the safe and efficient operation after commissioning, as well as the ease of management. This paper discusses the general types of two-pump stations, focusing on the main factors that influence their selection to help professionals avoid making incorrect choices.
There are various types of water pump rooms, which can be classified based on their location: ground-level, underground, or semi-underground. Ground-level pump rooms offer advantages such as easier construction, lower costs, and better operating conditions. However, they may require pre-pumping water before starting, which can be a drawback. Underground pump stations, on the other hand, allow for more convenient pump startup but come with higher construction costs, more complex engineering, and less favorable environmental conditions. They are also more prone to flooding and require more effort in daily operations, such as climbing stairs.
In recent years, some construction units have made decisions based solely on trends or what they see in other projects, without considering site-specific conditions. This has led to potential issues during later operations.
In reality, choosing the right pump room type involves several key factors:
1. **Unit Layout**
The layout of the pumping unit is essential for the overall design of the station. It determines the size of the pump room and must ensure safe operation, easy maintenance, and convenient management.
2. **Water Source Level and Fluctuation**
The water level directly affects the installation height of the pump. When the water level is low, the pump shaft must be lowered, sometimes requiring an underground structure. Conversely, when the water level is high, the pump can be installed higher. Large fluctuations in water level require additional measures to ensure safety at low levels, such as using underground or removable pump rooms.
3. **Pump Performance**
The pump's allowable suction vacuum height plays a significant role in determining the pump room type. A higher value allows the pump to be placed higher, potentially enabling a ground-level design. For example, horizontal centrifugal pumps typically have a suction vacuum of about 5 meters. When selecting the pump room type, it's important to maximize this capacity while avoiding cavitation.
4. **Suction Pipe Design**
The suction pipe should be designed to minimize fittings and length, ensuring sufficient submersion depth to prevent air intake. Longer pipes may necessitate deeper pump rooms.
5. **Civil Construction Requirements**
The structural design of the pump station must meet process layout needs, including waterproofing, anti-floating measures, fire protection, and drainage. These requirements are closely tied to the type of pump room selected.
6. **Groundwater Level**
High groundwater levels can impact the stability of the pump station. In such cases, waterproofing and anti-floating measures become critical, especially for underground structures.
7. **Pump Priming Method**
Different priming methods—such as self-priming, vacuum pumping, or pressure filling—require different pump room configurations. For instance, self-priming systems need the water level to remain above the pump shaft, often used in underground setups.
As an example, Chaohu Water Supply Co., Ltd. uses a semi-underground pump room design. Two 1-meter diameter water meters feed into the raw water collection well, with a gate valve installed on the pipeline and a butterfly valve before the well. This setup ensures safe and convenient water diversion, and the system has operated smoothly since 1994.
In conclusion, many factors influence the choice of a pump room type. Key considerations include the water source level, its fluctuation, and the pump’s suction performance. When the water level is stable and not too low, a ground-level pump room is often suitable. If the water level is very low or highly variable, an underground or semi-underground design may be necessary. After narrowing down options, other factors like water diversion method, foundation conditions, and economic considerations should be evaluated to find the best solution. Ultimately, the decision should be based on a comprehensive analysis of all relevant factors rather than following trends blindly.
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