Industrial furnaces play a crucial role in petrochemical production, with various types designed for different applications, such as heating furnaces, cracking furnaces, and reformers. Among these, ethylene cracking furnaces are of particular importance. Major companies that own this technology include ABB, KBR, S&W, KTI, and Linde. The industry is moving toward high-temperature operations, short residence times, and low hydrocarbon partial pressure to enhance selectivity and reduce capital investment. However, China's cracking technology still lags behind global standards, facing challenges such as smaller equipment scale, higher raw material and energy consumption, limited automation, and slower innovation.
Conversion and gasification furnaces are also essential in the petrochemical sector. Internationally, companies like Kellogg, Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), and Topsoe have developed large-scale industrial systems. In China, a 200,000-ton-per-year natural gas-based ammonia conversion plant was domestically designed and manufactured, with key components like high-temperature furnace tubes and convection finned tubes developed locally. However, no 300,000-ton-per-year conversion furnace has been installed domestically yet. Additionally, domestic gasifiers remain dependent on foreign designs, and coal-water slurry nozzles are mostly imported.
Towers are widely used in petrochemical processes for tasks such as distillation, absorption, stripping, and gas purification. Common types include plate towers and packed towers. Over the past two decades, China has made significant progress, developing advanced tray and packing technologies. Examples include DT trays for high liquid flow, cyclone trays for high gas flow, and three-dimensional mass transfer trays. Large towers with diameters up to 10,000 mm have been successfully developed and are being deployed in major refineries.
Special machinery, such as filters, centrifuges, flue gas turbines, dryers, and extrusion granulators, is vital in petrochemical processing. Filters, like vacuum drum filters, are becoming more automated and efficient abroad, while China relies on imported technologies. Centrifuges, particularly spiral discharge models, have seen domestic development, but vertical centrifuges remain in early stages. Flue gas turbines, such as those developed by YL33000A and YL35000A, have reached international standards. Dryers and extrusion granulators are increasingly localized, though larger-scale versions are still under development.
Petrochemical general equipment includes compressors, pumps, and valves. Gas compressors, both turbo and reciprocating, are critical for gas transportation. While domestic manufacturers have made progress, many high-capacity and high-performance units are still imported. Petrochemical pumps, produced by companies like Sulzer, KSB, and Goulds, are highly standardized and technologically advanced. China’s pump industry lags in design theory, precision, and reliability, leading to continued reliance on foreign imports.
Overall, while China has made strides in petrochemical equipment development, there remains a gap in advanced technologies, automation, and efficiency compared to global leaders. Continued investment in R&D, process optimization, and technology absorption will be key to closing this gap.
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